A sleep disorder called obstructive sleep apnea occurs when airway narrowing or blockage stops breathing. Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type, affecting 10% to 30% of adults in the United States. It often goes undiagnosed. Another sleep disorder, central sleep apnea (CSA) is less common, but can have serious health effects. CSA happens when the brain fails to communicate properly with the muscles that control breathing, leading to temporary pauses in breathing.

Common Sleep Apnea Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms include loud snoring and difficulty staying awake during the day. Other symptoms include poor concentration, restless sleep, and irritability. People with severe obstructive sleep apnea may have a choking sensation. They might wake up frequently at night, and they usually don’t remember waking or why. They might also have a breathing pattern called Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This pattern involves rapid and shallow breaths, followed by a pause in breathing. This can lead to heart problems, including heart arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar.

People who live with a person with sleep apnea can suffer from memory loss, irritability, and problems with their relationships. They might also have weight gain, sexual dysfunction, and poor work performance.

A sleep specialist can diagnose obstructive sleep apnea by using questionnaires or home monitoring equipment. The most thorough test is polysomnography, when you spend the night in a sleep laboratory. Treatment can help you get more quality sleep and improve your health. Your doctor might treat you even for mild sleep apnea, depending on your risk factors.